Yuma Territorial Prison

We stopped on our return to California for two nights in Yuma.  Having a day to explore Yuma proved to be an interesting step back into the history of this region when we took a guided tour of the Yuma Territorial Prison.  The main cell block is pictured above and a cell interior is below.

 In 1876, the Yuma Territory was a remote and unruly place and Arizona was not yet a state.  Arizona would not join the United States until Valentine’s Day on February 14^th 1912.  Only county jailhouses could contain the criminals before 1876.  These were not conducive to long term incarcerations.  So in an attempt to remedy the situation, a territorial prison was proposed.  Inmates from Yuma were conscripted into service to build their own jail.  On a hill made of clay and sand impregnated with crystalline salts called caliche in Spanish (resembling cement when it is formed into walls), these prisoners fashioned prison cells lined with strap steel surrounded by 18-foot high walls.  On July 1, 1876, the men moved into their handiwork.  The prison operated on this site for 33 years.  Over that time period, 3,040 men and 29 women called this place “home” under the strict rule of wardens, known as superintendents, and guards. 

Six men spent the nights in each cell locked with double strap steel doors on straw mattresses ridden with lice, bed bugs and termites.  The strictly enforced rule that they not talk with one another while in their cell was punished with solitary confinement in the “dark cell” – a windowless cell with two solid doors leading into it that was dug into the caliche hill upon which the prison stood.  Here, stripped down to their underclothes, the prisoners were chained in a cage-like box of strap iron to serve out their punishment for infringement of any of the prison rules.  One prisoner spent 104 consecutive days in this version of hell.  It is said they were fed only once a day; the cell had no accommodations for them to relieve themselves and was only cleaned every couple of months.  The only light and fresh air entered through a small hole in the ceiling, which also gave entry to snakes and scorpions.  Above photo is the interior of the "dark cell" and Jim emerges from it below. 

On a brighter note, the prison housed the only library in the surrounding territory.  Locals where allowed to checkout books for 25 cents from this great resource and the money collected was used to further improve the library’s offerings.  Prisoners were taught to read and write in the library if they wished to take advantage of the opportunity.  Another benefit the prison offered was the best hospital in the surrounding area, which served both prisoners and the locals. 

The prisoners were kept busy continually building and maintaining the prison, gardening, making and mending their own clothing, and even working in town doing construction and repairs after the Colorado River floods that occurred each year until the Hoover Dam was built.  The few prisoners that tried to escape were generally tracked, found and returned by local native trackers who were paid the huge sum of $50 to retrieve them.  Those who successfully escaped to Mexico suffered a worse fate – they were found and conscripted into the Mexican army for life.  Their life was so much worse there in the army, than in prison, one wrote to the superintendent and begged him to tell the others left behind not to go south to Mexico!  Above, I enter into the exercise block through a low entry.

In their free time, the prisoners were allowed to create craft works such as belts made of horsehair, white knitted lace, carved onyx jewelry and wooden picture frames, to name just a few.  Photo below is an example of knitted lace. 

After the prison closed, it became home to hobos (the term used in those days for the homeless) trying to find a safe place to survive during the Depression as they attempted to get into California across the Colorado River here.  So many were attempting to cross into California over the only bridge for 1,200 miles, that the Governor of California setup guards on his side only permitting the homeless to come across when they could prove they had savings of $25!  Finally, the prison was emptied of these people and a museum today protects the history found at this site.  Restored and maintained, it has even become the site of movie sets for Hollywood westerns with actors like John Wayne.  A photo of the library when it was in use is shown below. 

There was more to the Yuma Territorial Prison story and you will find this an interesting stop along Interstate-8 should you travel in this direction.  The photo below is the women's cell, where up to five women were housed.

Dateland

Sixty-eight miles east of Yuma on Interstate-8 is a place called Dateland Date Gardens.  We’ve been passing by it for years in wonder as to what it is all about.  Billboards tout their date milkshakes for miles ahead of time.  You can see the date palms from the highway.  Today we stopped. 

It proved to be an informative stop and we tried just a taste of the date milkshake (not my personal favorite, but interesting.)  There were at least eight varieties of dates available for sale with samples to try of each – all grown onsite.  Each variety has a specific taste, texture, moisture content, and sweetness level.  We selected a package of dates called "Halawi" - high in sweetness, moisture and with a caramel-like flavor.  Quite yummy and a great treat!  There others with exotic names like "Zahidi", "Khadrawy", or "Thoory" dates.  "Honey" and "Medjool" sounded more familiar. 

Jesuit Missionaries first introduced dates into Mexico, Arizona, and California in the 18^th Century. Dates originated in Northern Africa and Southwestern Asia.  Better varieties followed in America by the 1920’s, when palms were cultivated in increasing numbers as a commercial undertaking. 

Date palms require desert conditions to thrive with long, hot summers, moderate winters, minimal rainfall and low humidity.  Grown from seed or offshoots, both a male and female tree is needed for fruit production.  Full production is reached only after ten to twelve years. 

Large and sharp thorns must be removed from the tree to safely grow and harvest this labor-intensive fruit.  The size and quality of date production can be improved by thinning the developing fruit.  Just before ripening, the fruit is covered with a cloth bag to catch any ripening fruit that falls before being picked.  The bag also protects against birds and the elements like wind and rain.  Usually, the fruit is picked over four passes selectively by hand.  Once picked, the dates are dried in the sun, and then sorted for size and quality.

Three categories of dates are used:  soft, semi-dry and dry.  Soft dates have a high moisture content, soft flesh and low sugar content – these are highly perishable.  On the other hand, semi-dry varieties are firm, low in moisture and high in sugar content, and will keep for weeks or months at room temperature.  Dry dates are high in sugar, low in moisture and have a hard, dry flesh, which will keep almost indefinitely at room temperature.

The date is popular with health conscious individuals, as an alternative to sweets.  For baking, the date will yield moistness and sweetness.  I am glad we stopped and learned all of these facts at Dateland.  Now the mystery is solved and we know what this rest stop with its beguiling signs is all about.  Stop there when the opportunity presents itself to you!

An additional note – there is a wonderful gift shop here as well.  I controlled myself, but there were easily three or four items I could have gone home with!